document.getElementById&&document.childNodes&&document.createElement&&(window.MathJax&&MathJax.Hub||(window.MathJax?window.MathJax={AuthorConfig:window.MathJax}:window.MathJax={},MathJax.version="2.7.9",MathJax.fileversion="2.7.9",MathJax.cdnVersion="2.7.9",MathJax.cdnFileVersions={},(function(t){var e=window[t];e||(e=window[t]={});var n=[],i=function(o){var l=o.constructor;l||(l=function(){});for(var a in o)a!=="constructor"&&o.hasOwnProperty(a)&&(l[a]=o[a]);return l},s=function(){return function(){return arguments.callee.Init.call(this,arguments)}};e.Object=i({constructor:s(),Subclass:function(o,l){var a=s();return a.SUPER=this,a.Init=this.Init,a.Subclass=this.Subclass,a.Augment=this.Augment,a.protoFunction=this.protoFunction,a.can=this.can,a.has=this.has,a.isa=this.isa,a.prototype=new this(n),a.prototype.constructor=a,a.Augment(o,l),a},Init:function(o){var l=this;return o.length===1&&o[0]===n?l:(l instanceof o.callee||(l=new o.callee(n)),l.Init.apply(l,o)||l)},Augment:function(o,l){var a;if(o!=null){for(a in o)o.hasOwnProperty(a)&&this.protoFunction(a,o[a]);o.toString!==this.prototype.toString&&o.toString!=={}.toString&&this.protoFunction("toString",o.toString)}if(l!=null)for(a in l)l.hasOwnProperty(a)&&(this[a]=l[a]);return this},protoFunction:function(o,l){this.prototype[o]=l,typeof l=="function"&&(l.SUPER=this.SUPER.prototype)},prototype:{Init:function(){},SUPER:function(o){return o.callee.SUPER},can:function(o){return typeof this[o]=="function"},has:function(o){return typeof this[o]!="undefined"},isa:function(o){return o instanceof Object&&this instanceof o}},can:function(o){return this.prototype.can.call(this,o)},has:function(o){return this.prototype.has.call(this,o)},isa:function(o){for(var l=this;l;){if(l===o)return!0;l=l.SUPER}return!1},SimpleSUPER:i({constructor:function(o){return this.SimpleSUPER.define(o)},define:function(o){var l={};if(o!=null){for(var a in o)o.hasOwnProperty(a)&&(l[a]=this.wrap(a,o[a]));o.toString!==this.prototype.toString&&o.toString!=={}.toString&&(l.toString=this.wrap("toString",o.toString))}return l},wrap:function(o,l){if(typeof l!="function"||!l.toString().match(/\.\s*SUPER\s*\(/))return l;var a=function(){this.SUPER=a.SUPER[o];try{var r=l.apply(this,arguments)}catch(h){throw delete this.SUPER,h}return delete this.SUPER,r};return a.toString=function(){return l.toString.apply(l,arguments)},a}})}),e.Object.isArray=Array.isArray||function(o){return Object.prototype.toString.call(o)==="[object Array]"},e.Object.Array=Array})("MathJax"),(function(t){var e=window[t];e||(e=window[t]={});var n=e.Object.isArray,i=function(u){var f=function(){return arguments.callee.execute.apply(arguments.callee,arguments)};for(var c in i.prototype)i.prototype.hasOwnProperty(c)&&(typeof u[c]!="undefined"?f[c]=u[c]:f[c]=i.prototype[c]);return f.toString=i.prototype.toString,f};i.prototype={isCallback:!0,hook:function(){},data:[],object:window,execute:function(){if(!this.called||this.autoReset)return this.called=!this.autoReset,this.hook.apply(this.object,this.data.concat([].slice.call(arguments,0)))},reset:function(){delete this.called},toString:function(){return this.hook.toString.apply(this.hook,arguments)}};var s=function(u){return typeof u=="function"&&u.isCallback},o=function(u){return eval.call(window,u)},l=function(){if(o("var __TeSt_VaR__ = 1"),window.__TeSt_VaR__)try{delete window.__TeSt_VaR__}catch(u){window.__TeSt_VaR__=null}else window.execScript?o=function(u){e.__code=u,u="try {"+t+".__result = eval("+t+".__code)} catch(err) {"+t+".__result = err}",window.execScript(u);var f=e.__result;if(delete e.__result,delete e.__code,f instanceof Error)throw f;return f}:o=function(u){e.__code=u,u="try {"+t+".__result = eval("+t+".__code)} catch(err) {"+t+".__result = err}";var f=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0];f||(f=document.body);var c=document.createElement("script");c.appendChild(document.createTextNode(u)),f.appendChild(c),f.removeChild(c);var g=e.__result;if(delete e.__result,delete e.__code,g instanceof Error)throw g;return g};l=null},a=function(u,f){if(arguments.length>1&&(arguments.length===2&&typeof arguments[0]!="function"&&arguments[0]instanceof Object&&typeof arguments[1]=="number"?u=[].slice.call(u,f):u=[].slice.call(arguments,0)),n(u)&&u.length===1&&typeof u[0]=="function"&&(u=u[0]),typeof u=="function")return u.execute===i.prototype.execute?u:i({hook:u});if(n(u)){if(typeof u[0]=="string"&&u[1]instanceof Object&&typeof u[1][u[0]]=="function")return i({hook:u[1][u[0]],object:u[1],data:u.slice(2)});if(typeof u[0]=="function")return i({hook:u[0],data:u.slice(1)});if(typeof u[1]=="function")return i({hook:u[1],object:u[0],data:u.slice(2)})}else{if(typeof u=="string")return l&&l(),i({hook:o,data:[u]});if(u instanceof Object)return i(u);if(typeof u=="undefined")return i({})}throw Error("Can't make callback from given data")},r=function(u,f){return f=a(f),f.timeout=setTimeout(f,u),f},h=function(u,f){u=a(u),u.called||(d(u,f),f.pending++)},p=function(){var u=this.signal;delete this.signal,this.execute=this.oldExecute,delete this.oldExecute;var f=this.execute.apply(this,arguments);if(s(f)&&!f.called)d(f,u);else for(var c=0,g=u.length;c0&&f=0;u--)this.hooks.splice(u,1);this.remove=[]}}),J=function(u,f,c){if(!u)return null;n(u)||(u=[u]),n(f)||(f=f==null?[]:[f]);for(var g=M(c),m=0,y=u.length;mi&&(i=document.styleSheets.length),r||(r=document.head||document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],r||(r=document.body)),r},o=[],l=function(){for(var r=0,h=o.length;r=this.timeout?(r(this.STATUS.ERROR),1):0},file:function(r,h){h<0?e.Ajax.loadTimeout(r):e.Ajax.loadComplete(r)},execute:function(){this.hook.call(this.object,this,this.data[0],this.data[1])},checkSafari2:function(r,h,p){r.time(p)||(document.styleSheets.length>h&&document.styleSheets[h].cssRules&&document.styleSheets[h].cssRules.length?p(r.STATUS.OK):setTimeout(r,r.delay))},checkLength:function(r,h,p){if(!r.time(p)){var d=0,x=h.sheet||h.styleSheet;try{(x.cssRules||x.rules||[]).length>0&&(d=1)}catch(M){(M.message.match(/protected variable|restricted URI/)||M.message.match(/Security error/))&&(d=1)}d?setTimeout(e.Callback([p,r.STATUS.OK]),0):setTimeout(r,r.delay)}}},loadComplete:function(r){r=this.fileURL(r);var h=this.loading[r];return h&&!h.preloaded?(e.Message.Clear(h.message),clearTimeout(h.timeout),h.script&&(o.length===0&&setTimeout(l,0),o.push(h.script)),this.loaded[r]=h.status,delete this.loading[r],this.addHook(r,h.callback)):(h&&delete this.loading[r],this.loaded[r]=this.STATUS.OK,h={status:this.STATUS.OK}),this.loadHooks[r]?this.loadHooks[r].Execute(h.status):null},loadTimeout:function(r){this.loading[r].timeout&&clearTimeout(this.loading[r].timeout),this.loading[r].status=this.STATUS.ERROR,this.loadError(r),this.loadComplete(r)},loadError:function(r){e.Message.Set(["LoadFailed","File failed to load: %1",r],null,2e3),e.Hub.signal.Post(["file load error",r])},Styles:function(r,h){var p=this.StyleString(r);if(p==="")h=e.Callback(h),h();else{var d=document.createElement("style");d.type="text/css",this.head=s(this.head),this.head.appendChild(d),d.styleSheet&&typeof d.styleSheet.cssText!="undefined"?d.styleSheet.cssText=p:d.appendChild(document.createTextNode(p)),h=this.timer.create.call(this,h,d)}return h},StyleString:function(r){if(typeof r=="string")return r;var h="",p,d;for(p in r)if(r.hasOwnProperty(p)){if(typeof r[p]=="string")h+=p+" {"+r[p]+`} `;else if(e.Object.isArray(r[p]))for(var x=0;x="0"&&a<="9")l[i]=e[l[i]-1],typeof l[i]=="number"&&(l[i]=this.number(l[i]));else if(a==="{")if(a=l[i].substr(1),a>="0"&&a<="9")l[i]=e[l[i].substr(1,l[i].length-2)-1],typeof l[i]=="number"&&(l[i]=this.number(l[i]));else{var r=l[i].match(/^\{([a-z]+):%(\d+)\|(.*)\}$/);if(r)if(r[1]==="plural"){var h=e[r[2]-1];if(typeof h=="undefined")l[i]="???";else{h=this.plural(h)-1;var p=r[3].replace(/(^|[^%])(%%)*%\|/g,"$1$2%\uEFEF").split(/\|/);h>=0&&h=3?n.push([o[0],o[1],this.processSnippet(t,o[2])]):n.push(e[i])}else n.push(e[i]);return n},markdownPattern:/(%.)|(\*{1,3})((?:%.|.)+?)\2|(`+)((?:%.|.)+?)\4|\[((?:%.|.)+?)\]\(([^\s\)]+)\)/,processMarkdown:function(t,e,n){for(var i=[],s,o=t.split(this.markdownPattern),l=o[0],a=1,r=o.length;a1?i[1]:""),n=null),s&&(!e.preJax||i)&&(o.nodeValue=o.nodeValue.replace(e.postJax,s.length>1?s[1]:"")),n&&!n.nodeValue.match(/\S/)&&(n=n.previousSibling)}e.preRemoveClass&&n&&n.className===e.preRemoveClass&&(t.MathJax.preview=n),t.MathJax.checked=1}},processInput:function(t){var e,n=MathJax.ElementJax.STATE,i,s,o=t.scripts.length;try{for(;t.ithis.processUpdateTime&&t.i1&&e.jax[t.outputJax].push(n),n.MathJax.state=i.OUTPUT},prepareOutput:function(t,e){for(;t.jthis.processUpdateTime&&t.i=0;r--)if((l[r].src||"").match(a)){if(i.script=l[r].innerHTML,RegExp.$2)for(var h=RegExp.$2.substr(1).split(/\&/),p=0,d=h.length;p=parseInt(c[m]);return!0},Select:function(c){var g=c[n.Browser];return g?g(n.Browser):null}},S=M.replace(/^Mozilla\/(\d+\.)+\d+ /,"").replace(/[a-z][-a-z0-9._: ]+\/\d+[^ ]*-[^ ]*\.([a-z][a-z])?\d+ /i,"").replace(/Gentoo |Ubuntu\/(\d+\.)*\d+ (\([^)]*\) )?/,"");n.Browser=n.Insert(n.Insert(new String("Unknown"),{version:"0.0"}),J);for(var v in J)if(J.hasOwnProperty(v)&&J[v]&&v.substr(0,2)==="is"){if(v=v.slice(2),v==="Mac"||v==="PC")continue;n.Browser=n.Insert(new String(v),J);var u=new RegExp(".*(Version/| Trident/.*; rv:)((?:\\d+\\.)+\\d+)|.*("+v+")"+(v=="MSIE"?" ":"/")+"((?:\\d+\\.)*\\d+)|(?:^|\\(| )([a-z][-a-z0-9._: ]+|(?:Apple)?WebKit)/((?:\\d+\\.)+\\d+)"),f=u.exec(S)||["","","","unknown","0.0"];n.Browser.name=f[1]!=""?v:f[3]||f[5],n.Browser.version=f[2]||f[4]||f[6];break}try{n.Browser.Select({Safari:function(c){var g=parseInt(String(c.version).split(".")[0]);g>85&&(c.webkit=c.version),g>=538?c.version="8.0":g>=537?c.version="7.0":g>=536?c.version="6.0":g>=534?c.version="5.1":g>=533?c.version="5.0":g>=526?c.version="4.0":g>=525?c.version="3.1":g>500?c.version="3.0":g>400?c.version="2.0":g>85&&(c.version="1.0"),c.webkit=navigator.appVersion.match(/WebKit\/(\d+)\./)[1],c.isMobile=navigator.appVersion.match(/Mobile/i)!=null,c.noContextMenu=c.isMobile},Firefox:function(c){if((c.version==="0.0"||M.match(/Firefox/)==null)&&navigator.product==="Gecko"){var g=M.match(/[\/ ]rv:(\d+\.\d.*?)[\) ]/);if(g)c.version=g[1];else{var m=(navigator.buildID||navigator.productSub||"0").substr(0,8);m>="20111220"?c.version="9.0":m>="20111120"?c.version="8.0":m>="20110927"?c.version="7.0":m>="20110816"?c.version="6.0":m>="20110621"?c.version="5.0":m>="20110320"?c.version="4.0":m>="20100121"?c.version="3.6":m>="20090630"?c.version="3.5":m>="20080617"?c.version="3.0":m>="20061024"&&(c.version="2.0")}}c.isMobile=navigator.appVersion.match(/Android/i)!=null||M.match(/ Fennec\//)!=null||M.match(/Mobile/)!=null},Chrome:function(c){c.noContextMenu=c.isMobile=!!navigator.userAgent.match(/ Mobile[ \/]/)},Opera:function(c){c.version=opera.version()},Edge:function(c){c.isMobile=!!navigator.userAgent.match(/ Phone/)},MSIE:function(c){if(c.isMobile=!!navigator.userAgent.match(/ Phone/),c.isIE9=!!(document.documentMode&&(window.performance||window.msPerformance)),MathJax.HTML.setScriptBug=!c.isIE9||document.documentMode<9,MathJax.Hub.msieHTMLCollectionBug=document.documentMode<9,document.documentMode<10&&!i.params.NoMathPlayer){try{new ActiveXObject("MathPlayer.Factory.1"),c.hasMathPlayer=!0}catch(m){}try{if(c.hasMathPlayer){var g=document.createElement("object");g.id="mathplayer",g.classid="clsid:32F66A20-7614-11D4-BD11-00104BD3F987",o.appendChild(g),document.namespaces.add("m","http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"),c.mpNamespace=!0,document.readyState&&(document.readyState==="loading"||document.readyState==="interactive")&&(document.write(''),c.mpImported=!0)}else document.namespaces.add("mjx_IE_fix","http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink")}catch(m){}}}})}catch(c){console.error(c.message)}n.Browser.Select(MathJax.Message.browsers),e.AuthorConfig&&typeof e.AuthorConfig.AuthorInit=="function"&&e.AuthorConfig.AuthorInit(),n.queue=e.Callback.Queue(),n.queue.Push(["Post",i.signal,"Begin"],["Config",i],["Cookie",i],["Styles",i],["Message",i],function(){var c=e.Callback.Queue(i.Jax(),i.Extensions());return c.Push({})},["Menu",i],i.onLoad(),function(){MathJax.isReady=!0},["Typeset",i],["Hash",i],["MenuZoom",i],["Post",i.signal,"End"])})("MathJax")));